Artificial intelligence (AI) systems pervade modern life and are already being used in courts and tribunals, both in their administration and to support decision-making, and by the legal profession. An understanding of AI is becoming increasingly important for judges, tribunal members and court administrators. It is also important in the context of statutory interpretation.

This guide sets out the key challenges and opportunities that AI and automated decision-making presents for courts and tribunals. It draws on legislation, case law and rules in a range of jurisdictions. The guide is not intended to provide an exhaustive analysis of emerging technologies, AI tools and the courtroom. Instead, it overviews some of the ways in which AI may be incorporated into domestic courtrooms and analyses some associated benefits and risks. Given that technology continues to evolve, the guide starts with the function and purpose of the technology and its impact on foundational values which underpin the judicial system.